- UK leaves NATO
- UK leaves EU
- UK leaves Commonwealth
- UK leaves UNSC
Brexit, the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union (EU), marks a historic turning point in global politics and economics. Officially completed on January 31, 2020, after a referendum on June 23, 2016, where 51.9% voted to leave, Brexit reshaped trade, immigration, and legal frameworks. The decision stemmed from concerns over sovereignty, immigration control, and economic independence, driving a polarized debate.
The process involved a two-year negotiation period under Article 50, culminating in a withdrawal agreement. This outlined the UK’s transition phase, ending December 31, 2020, during which it followed EU rules while negotiating a trade deal. The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, effective from January 1, 2021, governs current relations, focusing on tariff-free trade but introducing new customs checks and regulations.
Economically, Brexit impacted businesses with increased paperwork and supply chain delays, though some sectors adapted by exploring new markets. Immigration policies tightened, favoring skilled workers, while the UK regained control over laws previously governed by EU courts. Public opinion remains divided, with ongoing discussions about Northern Ireland’s protocol and Scotland’s potential independence.
