- Japan
- Germany
- China
- India
As of August 12, 2025, the second-largest economy by nominal GDP to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) data. The United States holds the top spot with a GDP of $30.51 trillion, while China follows closely, driven by its robust manufacturing, export sector, and growing consumer market. China’s economic growth is projected at 4.0% for 2025, outpacing many developed nations, though it faces challenges like an aging population and geopolitical tensions. Germany ranks third with $4.74 trillion.
For a different perspective, when measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), which adjusts for cost of living, China’s economy is even larger, estimated at $40.72 trillion, surpassing the U.S. ($30.34 trillion in PPP), reflecting its lower domestic costs. This highlights China’s significant global influence, though nominal GDP remains the standard for international rankings.
