Which country remained the world's most populous nation entering 2026?

1. China
2. India
3. USA
4. Indonesia

India surpassed China as the world’s most populous nation in April 2023, according to UN estimates, with over 1.428 billion people. By 2026, India’s population continued growing while China’s entered decline due to low fertility rates and aging demographics. India’s demographic trajectory presents both economic opportunities and challenges regarding employment, resources, and sustainable development.