Which country officially withdrew from the European Union in 2020 and remained outside in 2026?

1. France
2. Germany
3. United Kingdom
4. Italy

The United Kingdom formally left the European Union on 31 January 2020, concluding the Brexit process following the 2016 referendum. After an 11-month transition period, the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement took effect in 2021. By 2026, the UK remained outside the EU single market and customs union, forging independent trade policies while managing residual alignment issues including Northern Ireland protocols.