What are the strict rules of engagement in Islamic warfare, as derived from the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?

1. Total war with no restrictions
2. Targeting only combatants but allowing destruction of infrastructure
3. Do not kill women, children, the elderly, monks, or destroy trees and crops
4. Accept surrender only if the enemy converts to Islam

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) gave clear instructions to his armies, prohibiting the killing of non-combatants. This protection explicitly extended to women, children, the elderly, and religious figures like monks. He also forbade the destruction of crops, trees, and livestock. These rules form a core part of Islamic military ethics, emphasizing proportionality and minimizing harm.