- Cybersecurity
- Resource nationalism tied to geopolitical competition
- Climate disputes
- Pandemic resurgence
Geoeconomics refers to the use of economic tools to achieve geopolitical goals. “Resource nationalism” is a prime example, where countries restrict the export of critical minerals, energy, or food to gain political leverage or protect domestic supply. This weaponization of resources has become a major feature of modern geopolitical competition, creating economic uncertainty and confrontation.
